Inventory of Photographs

Photo 26.  Caricatures of Augusto Sandino and his brother S?crates, June 1929.

According to the notation on the document, this is a caricature of "Augusto C. Sandino and his brother Socrates Sandino.  From sketch by Alfonso Pe?a, 28 June 1929, in Veracruz, Mexico." Coach Outlet

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Photo 27.  US Marine Corps Aviator 2nd Lt. Earl A. Thomas Hanging from a Tree, October 1927.

On October 8, 1927, two Marine aviators were shot down near Zapotillal Ridge north of Quilal? in the eastern Segovias.  The Sandinistas captured the airmen, tried, and executed them, then took this photo and sent it to the Marines in Ocotal.  The photograph infuriated the Marines while absolving them from treating the rebels as belligerents under the 1907 Hague Convention.  For more on these contexts, see PC-Docs, page 3, 27.10.12 O'Shea Engagement with the Enemy at Sapotillal.  The top photo is accompanied by a second, which shows the photograph pinned to a bulletin board, probably at the garrison in Ocotal.

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Photo 28.  Captured US Flag in Mexico City.

This might be the flag captured by the Sandinistas in the battle of Las Cruces on 1 November (see PC-DOCS, 27.11.02 Gould).  On the same day, Sandino sent the following message to General Manuel Echevarr?a describing it in exacting detail: 

More likely, this is the flag referenced by Manuel Mar?a Gir?n Ruano in his statement to Capt. H. H. Hanneken before his execution.  As Gir?n related, the Venezuelan communist and Sandinista activist Guatavo Machado "visited the bandit camp at Garrobo last May [1928] where he secured the American flag stolen from the [Lone] Star Mine.  The flag was then photographed, which appeared later in his paper with a story of its having been captured from the Marines"  [see Gir?n's statement, Top 100, p. 6].  This photo was probably taken inside the headquarters of the Hands-Off Nicaragua Committee or the Anti-Imperialist League in Mexico City; note the announcement for a "gran meeting" with Gustavo Machado.

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Photo 29.  EDSN Jer?nimo Rivas and Manuel Antonio Lacayo, La Ceiba, Honduras, 1929.

Photo 29A

Photo 29B

Photo 29A caption reads:  "Members of Sandino's General Staff who accompanied him to Mexico, taken in Bonilla Park, La Ceiba, Honduras, beneath Statue of Manuel Bonilla."  Individuals identified as (1) Jeronimo Rivas General "33" and (2) Manuel Antonio Lacayo.  One can also see the silhouettes of four men behind them.  Photo 29B has no caption but it's clearly the same two white-shirted men and same four men accompanying them.

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Photo 30.  Sandinista Jefes Juan Altamirano and Carmen Torres, Yucat?n, Mexico, Feb. 1930.

Identifying names are written over a romantic note ("un recuerdo") penned by Carmen Torres to Maria Blanca Torres.  Carmen Torres, as the notation indicates, was imprisoned in Jinotega for homicide on 13 February 1932.

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Photo 31.  "Augusto C. Sandino, Defender of the Sovereignty of Central America."

This iconographic image, probably produced in Mexico City, illustrates the international dimension of Sandino's nationalism.  It is accompanied by a poem by Jos? Mar?a Garces Bejarano lauding Sandino's heroic fight against the evils of US imperialism.

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Photo Cluster 32.  Images of Sandino in German Newspaper.

Photo 32A

Photo 32B

Photo 32C

This undated German newspaper, ca. 1930, offers a number of intriguing images of Sandino and the international solidarity garnered by his struggle.  Included here are three images:  (34A) Sandino's visage as portrayed by a Mexican artist, which was used in diverse propaganda campaigns; (34B) the exterior of the headquarters of the Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas in Mexico City; and (34C) the interior of the office of the Hands Off Nicaragua Committee in Mexico City.  Interestingly, the rendering bears passing resemblance to the rebel chieftain.

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Photo 33.   Cover of Emigdio Maraboto's Sandino ante el coloso (Veracruz, Mexico, 1929).

The cover of the first edition of Maraboto's well-known polemic; somehow the pamphlet found its way into the archives.

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Photo 34.  Sandino's Official Seal, June 1931.

One of the clearest depictions of the Defending Army's official seal.

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Photo Cluster 35.  The Matagalpa-Jinotega Road.

Photo 35A

"Jinotega-Matagalpa road ? mile west of Matagalpa"

Photo 35B

"Matagalpa-Jinotega road looking North"

Photo 35C

"Jinotega-Matagalpa road approaching Jinotega."  Probably to promote investment in its improvement, the Marines took pains to photograph the rough, rocky road between Matagalpa and Jinotega.

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Photo Cluster 36.  The Matagalpa-Jinotega Road.

Photo 36A

Photo 36B

"Matagalpa-Jinotega road, looking Southwest, 20 miles from Matagalpa.  The road can be seen in lower left hand part of picture represented by the faint white line."

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Photo Cluster 37.  Coyol-Hill and the Matagalpa-Jinotega Road.

Photo 37A

"Approach to Coyol-Hill looking west, showing stone revetment."

Photo 37B

"14 miles from Matagalpa looking South.  There is no dirt on this road, it being of bed rock."

Photo 37C

"Condition of road approaching Jinotega, on Matagalpa-Jinotega Road."

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Photo Cluster 38.  Matagalpa.

Photo 38A

Photo 38B

Photo 38C

Photo 38D

Four photos of Matagalpa, taken from the surrounding hills.

Photo 39.  Jinotega Plaza.

"Jinotega - Nicaragua, Plaza along main street showing wall of stone and mortar."

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Photo 40.  Jinotega Plaza with Children.

"Jinotega - Nicaragua.  Plaza.  Hills in background are to West of town, Terrain on all sides of town except to Northwest is of this same character."

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Photo 41.  Jinotega Landing Field with Bullcart and Laborer.

"Bull-cart or Ox-cart or Bullee-cart which is hauling dirt to fill up holes in the landing field.  Maybe the mud shows, for it is everywhere."  Also labeled "Landing Field at Jinotega."  No date, ca. 1929.

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Photo Cluster 42.  Bridge on Le?n Road. 

Photo 42A

Photo 42B

Photo 42C

Identified as "bridge on Le?n road."  Where?  On the way to Somotillo?  Another illustration of the country's rudimentary transport infrastructure, one the Marines and Guardia wanted to and did improve.

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Photo 43.  Residential Street along the Coast.

Labeled "residential street" in the scrapbook, with an inscription (lower left) that seems to read "Valle de Corinto," which might have been a posh residential zone on the outskirts of Corinto along the beachfront; there were several other photos in the collection (which are not included here) that show what look like vacation homes near the Pacific Coast.  Where Marine officers went on R&R, perhaps.

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Photo 44.  National Palace, Managua.

Caption reads:  "Palacio Nacional where Congress met."

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Photo 45.  Fuertecito on the R?o San Juan.

Caption reads:  "El Fuertecito (small fort), name furnished by Carlos Bravo Secretary of General Moncada.  Built by Spaniards in 1523 according to Bravo.  This picture shows only the walls, all that remains of the fort.  From them the present long dock for the S.S. Victoria extends (built by Pusey about 1872) and brought into lake via San Juan River before earthquake shallowed river.  Officers in this picture are Captain H. M. H. Fleming, Captain Edward C. Burwell (in command of Guardia Nacional here), Captain Robert Kilmaryin and Major 'E'." 

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Photo 46.  Iglesia Vera Cruz Ruins, R?o San Juan

Caption reads:  "Ruins de la Iglesia de Vera Cruz.  Very old ruins of an ancient church.  It was destroyed during a war between Salvador and Nicaragua in 1844.  The trees that are noted growing out of the runs walls are called Matapalo by the Natives."  Probably in Granada Dept.

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Photo 47.  Granada Street Scene.

Caption reads:  "18-1.  Practically the same as 17-12.  2 Officers in picture.  (Granada scene)"  Coding system unknown.

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Photo 48.  Granada Monument to 1821.

Caption reads:  "Monument at Granada with Marines sitting in front of it.  On the monument are the words:  'Granada a las Glorias de 1821'.  Also 'Honor a los Heroes de 1821'.  4 Marines are shown also."

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Photo 49.  Chinandega, 1927?  Or Managua 1931?

No caption.  Probably either Chinandega after the battle of February 1927 during the Civil War, or Managua after the March 1931 earthquake.

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Photo Cluster 50.  Managua Earthquake of March 31, 1931.

Photo 50A

"Managua from the Cathedral, March 31, 1931"

Photo 50B

No caption.

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